A retrieve is made up of a group of behaviors.
The very basic is the dog has to want to pick up the object.
Then he/she has to hold it.
1. dog wants the object.
2. dog wants to run out to the object
3. dog wants to pick up the object
4. dog wants to hold the object for an extended amount of time
5. dog wants to bring the object back into your space
6. dog wants to give you the object.
In a formal retrieve the dog also must sit in heel position until released, bring it back and sit directly in front position, give the object, then move back into heel position.
So, no matter if you are a pet owner or a competition owner there is more than one behavior and if you don't have any one of them you just can't play the game.
If the dog won't take it/pick it up or give it back you just can't play the game.
Start teaching the dog to take it from your hand. Once the dog will take it you then you need to work on the dog holding it for short durations slowly building the time of the hold. The next step is to put a cue on the dog giving you the object.
So the beginning steps to teach a retrieve are all done right in your space.
Once the dog can take it from your hand and give it to you then you want to put the object at your feet and ask the dog to take it and give. Slowly moving the distance between you and the object. Then you can start throwing it short distances.
The beginning should be done with very low distractions. Someone suggested a hallway so as you bulld distance there really isn't anywhere for the dog to go but back to you.
For each behavior in the beginning the dog should be rewarded. As the dog learns to like the game the retrieve itself will be the reward but for young pups/dogs and dogs that don't know the game rules and are being taught they need lots of reinforcement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5phL604aZDA Donna Hill take and hold
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oFO9Z0oHBA Donna Hill teaching a retrieve